large series production

1) производство; изготовление; обработка || производственный; технологический

2) объём выпуска, выпуск; выработка; производительность

3) продукция

4) правило вывода, порождающее правило ( в экспертных системах)

•

- adaptable production

[prəˈdʌkʃən]

agricultural production сельскохозяйственное производство annual production годовой объем производства batch production серийное производство bulk production массовое производство daily production дневная выработка daily production дневная производительность excess production перепроизводство full-scale production серийное производство household production домашнее производство (товары и услуги, произведенные и потребленные в домашнем хозяйстве, без использования рыночных каналов) housing production жилищное строительство industrial production промышленное производство intermittent production выпуск продукции с перерывами job production изготовление продукции по заказам job production мелкосерийное производство large-scale production крупносерийное производство large-scale production массовое производство large-scale production серийное производство line production поточное производство line production размещение оборудования для поточного производства long-run production массовое производство monthly production месячная выработка monthly production месячная производительность municipal production муниципальное производство national production отечественное производство niche production продукция для незанятого рынка товаров oil production добыча нефти one-off production разовое производство own production собственное производство petty production мелкое производство potential production производственный потенциал primary production основное производство production выработка production добыча production изготовление production предъявление, представление (документа, доказательства и т.д.) production предъявление документа production продукция, изделия production продукция; изделия production продукция production (художественное) произведение; постановка (пьесы, кинокартины) production производительность, выработка, добыча production производительность; выработка, добыча production производительность production производственный production производство, изготовление production производство; изготовление; production on a commercial scale производство в промышленном масштабе production производство production attr. производственный; production standard норма выработки; production workers рабочие (в отличие от служащих) production before court обращение в суд production for inspection предъявление для осмотра production for stock изготовление продукции на склад production in court обращение в суд production of evidence предъявление доказательств production of evidence предъявление улики production of evidence at alternative court показания свидетеля в альтернативном суде production of witness before court показания свидетеля в суде production производство; изготовление; production on a commercial scale производство в промышленном масштабе production attr. производственный; production standard норма выработки; production workers рабочие (в отличие от служащих) production attr. производственный; production standard норма выработки; production workers рабочие (в отличие от служащих) profitable production рентабельное производство quantity production поточно-массовое производство record production рекордный объем продукции scale production крупномасштабное производство scale production массовое производство serial production серийное производство series production серийное производство single piece production единичное производство single piece production индивидуальное производство single piece production штучное производство stock production создание запасов surplus production избыточное производство wholesale production массовое производство wholesale production производство для оптовой продажи wholesome production экологически чистое производство

1) производство, изготовление

2) производительность, выработка

3) продукция, продукт, изделие

4) предъявление (документа)

— aerospace production

— aircraft production

— be in production

— carbon dioxide production

— cease production

— continuous-flow production

— development batch production

— energy production

— experimental production

— foam production

— full production

— gas production

— go into production

— heat production

— large-scale production

— licensed production

— mass production

— missile production

— quantity production

— reinstate the production

— serial production

— series production

— small-scale production

— software production

— casualty production

— firing data production

— first-run production

— follow-on production

— indigenous arms production

— large-scale production

— licensed arms production

— licensed weapons production

— low-rate initial production

— military production

— mobilization defense production

— series production

— wartime production

< min> (of mine workings) ■ Ausbeute f

< min> ■ Förderleistung f

< min> (of a mine) ■ Fördermenge f

<min.petr> ■ Förderung f

< prod> (in engineering contexts) ■ Fertigung f

< prod> (gen.; manual or with machinery) ■ Herstellung f ; Produktion f ; Fertigung f

< prod> (in a context relating to economics) ■ Produktion f

< prod> (stress on: large-scale, series production) ■ Serienfertigung f ; Serienherstellung f

< theat> ■ Inszenierung f

— abandoned aircraft

— aborted aircraft

— acrobatic aircraft

— active ECM aircraft

— administrative aircraft

— advanced aircraft

— advanced-trainer aircraft

— aerobatic aircraft

— aerobatic training aircraft

— aerodynamic-test aircraft

— aft-engined aircraft

— ailing aircraft

— air alert aircraft

— air reserve aircraft

— airborne alert aircraft

— air-breathing aircraft

— air-carrier aircraft

— aircraft in distress

— aircraft in service

— aircraft in trouble

— aircraft on loan

— airline aircraft

— air-to-air refueling aircraft

— airworthy aircraft

— all-altitude aircraft

— all-body aircraft

— all-can-do aircraft

— all-cargo aircraft

— all-metal aircraft

— all-purpose aircraft

— all-rocket-armed aircraft

— all-terrain aircraft

— all-weather aircraft

— all-wing aircraft

— all-wood aircraft

— aluminum aircraft

— ambulance aircraft

— amphibian aircraft

— amphibious aircraft

— annular-wing aircraft

— antiradiation missile aircraft

— antisubmarine warfare aircraft

— armed aircraft

— armored aircraft

— army aircraft

— army cooperation aircraft

— army support aircraft

— arriving aircraft

— artillery location aircraft

— artillery observation aircraft

— artillery reconnaissance aircraft

— assault aircraft

— assault transport aircraft

— ASW aircraft

— asymmetrical aircraft

— athodyd aircraft

— atmosphere-entry-type aircraft

— attack aircraft

— augmented jet aircraft

— augmentor-wing aircraft

— automatically-controlled aircraft

— autopilot-controlled aircraft

— autopiloted aircraft

— backup aircraft

— bailment aircraft

— ballasted aircraft

— base flight aircraft

— basic aircraft

— big-door aircraft

— bimotor aircraft

— bingoing aircraft

— biservice aircraft

— bisymmetrical aircraft

— BLC aircraft

— blind-flying training aircraft

— bobtailed aircraft

— bombing aircraft

— boost-glide aircraft

— border patrol aircraft

— box-like aircraft

— braced aircraft

— business aircraft

— cabin-type aircraft

— canard aircraft

— cargo aircraft

— carrier-on-board aircraft

— CASS aircraft

— catapulted aircraft

— Cat-T aircraft

— century series aircraft

— certified aircraft

— channel-wing aircraft

— chase aircraft

— chemically-fueled aircraft

— chemically-powered aircraft

— chock the aircraft

— clean configured aircraft

— close-air-support aircraft

— cloud sampling aircraft

— coastal patrol aircraft

— COIN aircraft

— collapsible aircraft

— collision-protected aircraft

— combat aircraft

— combat-and-trainer aircraft

— combat-damaged aircraft

— combat-loaded aircraft

— combination aircraft

— command communication aircraft

— command post aircraft

— commercial aircraft

— communication relay aircraft

— company-funded aircraft

— comparable enemy aircraft

— complete aircraft

— composite aircraft

— composite powerplant aircraft

— composite turbojet aircraft

— computer-driven aircraft

— configure the aircraft

— conventional design aircraft

— conventional-technology aircraft

— converging aircraft

— conversion-type aircraft

— converted aircraft

— convertible aircraft

— cooperation aircraft

— countermeasures aircraft

— crashed aircraft

— crash-landed aircraft

— crescent-wing aircraft

— cross-country aircraft

— cruciform aircraft

— CTOL aircraft

— damaged aircraft

— deck-landing aircraft

— deck-launched aircraft

— deck-launching aircraft

— defensive aircraft

— deflected-exhaust aircraft

— deflected-slipstream aircraft

— deflected-thrust aircraft

— delta-winged aircraft

— demonstrator aircraft

— departing aircraft

— designator aircraft

— development batch aircraft

— development test aircraft

— developmental aircraft

— directed aircraft

— direct-lift aircraft

— director aircraft

— disabled aircraft

— dispersed aircraft

— distressed aircraft

— dlscoid-shaped aircraft

— Doppler-navigated aircraft

— double-deck aircraft

— double-delta aircraft

— downed aircraft

— drone aircraft

— dual-control aircraft

— dual-role aircraft

— dual-service aircraft

— ducted-propeller aircraft

— dynamically slender aircraft

— early-warning aircraft

— ECM aircraft

— eight-engined aircraft

— ejection-seat aircraft

— ejector-seat aircraft

— electronic conntermeasures aircraft

— electronic intelligence aircraft

— electronic reconnaissance aircraft

— electronic warfare aircraft

— electronically-controlled aircraft

— elongated aircraft

— endurance-test aircraft

— enemy intruder aircraft

— engineless aircraft

— enroute aircraft

— errant aircraft

— escort aircraft

— executive aircraft

— exit the aircraft

— expendable aircraft

— experimental aircraft

— extended-range aircraft

— faker aircraft

— fan-in-wing aircraft

— fan-jet aircraft

— fast aircraft

— fast-climbing aircraft

— fast-penetration aircraft

— feeder liner aircraft

— ferret aircraft

— ferrying aircraft

— fertilizing aircraft

— fighter control aircraft

— fighter direction aircraft

— fighter reconnaissance aircraft

— firing aircraft

— first-generation aircraft

— first-line aircraft

— fixed aircraft

— fixed-gear aircraft

— fixed-geometry aircraft

— fixed-wing aircraft

— flamed-out aircraft

— flank aircraft

— flapless aircraft

— flapped aircraft

— fleet-orbiting aircraft

— flexible aircraft

— flight aircraft

— flight-inspection aircraft

— flight-test aircraft

— floated aircraft

— flutter-clear aircraft

— flying testbed aircraft

— folding-rotor aircraft

— folding-winged aircraft

— foreign-built aircraft

— four-engined aircraft

— four-jet aircraft

— freight aircraft

— friendly aircraft

— front-line aircraft

— full-scale aircraft

— full-sized aircraft

— fully-aerobatic aircraft

— fully-armed aircraft

— fully-fueled aircraft

— fully-manned aircraft

— fuselage-heavy aircraft

— G aircraft

— gas-turbine aircraft

— gear-down aircraft

— gear-up aircraft

— general aviation aircraft

— general-purpose aircraft

— general-utility aircraft

— generating aircraft

— GETOL aircraft

— glazed-nose aircraft

— glider transport aircraft

— glider tug aircraft

— glide-type aircraft

— government aircraft

— ground alert aircraft

— guided aircraft

— gunship aircraft

— gust sensitive aircraft

— gyrodyne aircraft

— handle the aircraft

— handy aircraft

— hard-runway aircraft

— heavier-than-air aircraft

— heavy weight aircraft

— hedge-hopping aircraft

— helicopter-cum-fixed-wing aircraft

— high-altitude aircraft

— high-altitude surveillance aircraft

— high-aspect-ratio wing aircraft

— high-dynamic-pressure aircraft

— high-flying aircraft

— highly-flexible aircraft

— highly-maneuverable aircraft

— highly-wing loaded aircraft

— high-Mach aircraft

— high-performance aircraft

— high-set tail aircraft

— high-speed aircraft

— high-subsonic aircraft

— high-supersonic aircraft

— high-time aircraft

— high-winged aircraft

— holding aircraft

— home-built aircraft

— hostile aircraft

— hot-foot aircraft

— hovering aircraft

— hover-jet aircraft

— human-piloted aircraft

— hungry aircraft

— hydro-ski aircraft

— hypersonic aircraft

— hypersonic cruise aircraft

— hypothetical aircraft

— IFR aircraft

— illuminating aircraft

— incoming aircraft

— inertial fuselage-heavy aircraft

— inertially slender aircraft

— inflatable aircraft

— inflatable-wing aircraft

— inhabited aircraft

— in-service aircraft

— instrument training aircraft

— instrumented aircraft

— intercity aircraft

— intercommunication aircraft

— intercontinental aircraft

— interrogate the aircraft

— intruder aircraft

— inverted aircraft

— jamming aircraft

— jet attack aircraft

— jet-augmented aircraft

— jet-boosted aircraft

— jet-ejector aircraft

— jet-engined aircraft

— jet-flap aircraft

— jet-flap research aircraft

— jet-lift aircraft

— jet-propelled aircraft

— jet-propulsion aircraft

— jumbo aircraft

— key aircraft

— laminar-flow aircraft

— laminarized aircraft

— land-based aircraft

— large dimension aircraft

— large-capacity aircraft

— large-payload aircraft

— late-production aircraft

— launched aircraft

— launching aircraft

— leader aircraft

— leading aircraft

— leadnose aircraft

— level the aircraft

— level-supersonic aircraft

— LFC aircraft

— liaison aircraft

— license-built aircraft

— license-manufactured aircraft

— lift-fan aircraft

— lifting aircraft

— light transport aircraft

— lighter-than-air aircraft

— litter aircraft

— load the aircraft

— loaded aircraft

— loitering aircraft

— long-distance aircraft

— long-endurance aircraft

— long-range aircraft

— low-altitude aircraft

— low-aspect-ratiowing aircraft

— low-flying aircraft

— low-level aircraft

— low-observable aircraft

— low-set-tail aircraft

— low-speed aircraft

— low-wing aircraft

— low-wing-loading aircraft

— man the aircraft

— man-carrying aircraft

— maneuverable aircraft

— maneuvering aircraft

— maneuvering-type aircraft

— manned aircraft

— man-powered aircraft

— manually controlled aircraft

— marginally powered aircraft

— marine aircraft

— maritime aircraft

— mass-produced aircraft

— medical air-evacuation aircraft

— medium cargo aircraft

— medium transport aircraft

— medium-weight aircraft

— medium-capacity aircraft

— medium-haul aircraft

— medium-payload aircraft

— medium-range aircraft

— metal aircraft

— meteorological reconnaissance aircraft

— middle-wing aircraft

— mid-set aircraft

— mid-wing aircraft

— mine-laying aircraft

— missile-carrier aircraft

— missile-carrying aircraft

— missile-launching aircraft

— mission aircraft

— MIT aircraft

— mixed jet-rocket aircraft

— mixed-powerplant aircraft

— model aircraft

— modified aircraft

— modular aircraft

— mother aircraft

— motorless aircraft

— multiengined aircraft

— multijet aircraft

— multimission aircraft

— multiplace aircraft

— multipurpose aircraft

— multiseated aircraft

— multisensor aircraft

— M-wing aircraft

— narrow-bodied aircraft

— navalized aircraft

— near term aircraft

— nonaerobatic aircraft

— noncombat aircraft

— nonexpendable aircraft

— nonmaneuverable aircraft

— nonoperational aircraft

— nonpressurized cabin aircraft

— nonspinnable aircraft

— nonspinning aircraft

— normal design aircraft

— nose-heavy aircraft

— nose-tow-equipped aircraft

— nose-wheel aircraft

— nuclear aircraft

— nuclear-carrier aircraft

— nuclear-powered aircraft

— nuclear-propelled aircraft

— number two aircraft

— oblique takeoff aircraft

— oblique wing aircraft

— observation aircraft

— obsolete aircraft

— ogee-planform aircraft

— ogee-wing aircraft

— oncoming aircraft

— open-cockpit aircraft

— operating aircraft

— operational aircraft

— operational trainer aircraft

— operational training aircraft

— operationally-configured aircraft

— operationally-ready aircraft

— opponent aircraft

— opposing aircraft

— optimum aircraft

— orbiting aircraft

— originating aircraft

— out-of-control aircraft

— overloaded aircraft

— overtaken aircraft

— overwater aircraft

— overweight aircraft

— pacer aircraft

— paint the aircraft

— pantobase aircraft

— pantosurface aircraft

— paper aircraft

— parabolic flight aircraft

— parasol aircraft

— parent aircraft

— parked aircraft

— passenger/cargo aircraft

— passenger-carrying cargo aircraft

— pathfinder aircraft

— patrol aircraft

— performance aircraft

— personal aircraft

— photographic reconnaissance aircraft

— photographic-mapping aircraft

— photographic-survey aircraft

— picket aircraft

— pickup aircraft

— pilot-controlled aircraft

— pilot's aircraft

— pilot-training aircraft

— piston-driven aircraft

— piston-engined aircraft

— plastic aircraft

— podded aircraft

— pods-off aircraft

— power boost-controlled aircraft

— power the aircraft

— power-controlled aircraft

— powered aircraft

— powerful aircraft

— preflight the aircraft

— pre-production aircraft

— Present-generation aircraft

— Pressurized-cabin aircraft

— primary developmental aircraft

— primary training aircraft

— private aircraft

— probe aircraft

— production model aircraft

— prone-pilot aircraft

— proof-of-concept aircraft

— propeller-driven aircraft

— propeller-propelled aircraft

— propjet aircraft

— prop-lift aircraft

— proprotor aircraft

— propulsive wing aircraft

— protected aircraft

— prototype aircraft

— provisionally certificated aircraft

— pulsejet aircraft

— pusher-equipped aircraft

— pusher-type aircraft

— push-pull aircraft

— Q/STOL aircraft

— questionable aircraft

— quick aircraft

— quiet aircraft

— quieted aircraft

— quiet-engined aircraft

— R&D aircraft

— racing aircraft

— radar-calibration aircraft

— radar-nosed aircraft

— radar-picket aircraft

— radar-simulated aircraft

— radar-training aircraft

— radio-controlled aircraft

— ramjet-powered aircraft

— ramp-launched aircraft

— reaction-control aircraft

— readable aircraft

— rear-engined aircraft

— rear-loading aircraft

— receiver aircraft

— receiving aircraft

— reciprocating-engine aircraft

— reconnaissance aircraft

— record-holding aircraft

— recovery aircraft

— red-cross aircraft

— refueled aircraft

— refueling aircraft

— relay aircraft

— relief aircraft

— remotely controlled aircraft

— rendezvousing aircraft

— rent aircraft

— replacement aircraft

— rescue aircraft

— research aircraft

— research and development aircraft

— responsive aircraft

— retractable-gear aircraft

— reverse-thrust aircraft

— revetted aircraft

— ride the aircraft

— robot aircraft

— rocket-armed aircraft

— rocket-boosted aircraft

— rocket-carrying aircraft

— rotary wing aircraft

— rotating wing aircraft

— rotor aircraft

— rotor/propeller aircraft

— rugged aircraft

— runaway aircraft

— scissor-winged aircraft

— scramble aircraft

— seaborne aircraft

— search radar aircraft

— second-generation aircraft

— second-line aircraft

— second-mission aircraft

— semiaerobatic aircraft

— semiexpendable aircraft

— series production aircraft

— service aircraft

— service-test aircraft

— shadow aircraft

— shaker-equipped aircraft

— sheltered aircraft

— ship-based aircraft

— shipboard aircraft

— shipborne aircraft

— shore-based aircraft

— short takeoff aircraft

— shorter-winged aircraft

— short-field aircraft

— short-haul aircraft

— short-landing aircraft

— short-legged aircraft

— short-range aircraft

— short-span aircraft

— shoulder-wing aircraft

— sick aircraft

— side firing aircraft

— side-loading aircraft

— similar model aircraft

— simulated aircraft

— single-design-point aircraft

— single-float aircraft

— single-jet aircraft

— single-place aircraft

— single-seat aircraft

— six-engined aircraft

— skip-bombing aircraft

— slender aircraft

— slender-delta aircraft

— slender-wing aircraft

— slim-delta aircraft

— slow the aircraft

— slow-landing aircraft

— smooth-flying aircraft

— solo-piloted aircraft

— spare aircraft

— special aircraft

— specially instrumented aircraft

— special-mission aircraft

— special-purpose aircraft

— spin demonstration aircraft

— spin model aircraft

— spinnable aircraft

— spinning aircraft

— spirally stable aircraft

— spirally unstable aircraft

— spotter aircraft

— stabilized aircraft

— stable aircraft

— stacked aircraft

— staged aircraft

— stalled aircraft

— stall-free aircraft

— stall-proof aircraft

— stall-safe aircraft

— static-test aircraft

— steep gradient aircraft

— stick-pusher aircraft

— still-to-be-delivered aircraft

— STOL aircraft

— stopped-folded rotor aircraft

— stopped-stowed rotor aircraft

— stored aircraft

— stowed rotor aircraft

— strafer aircraft

— strafing aircraft

— straight-jet aircraft

— straight-wing aircraft

— streamlined aircraft

— stretched aircraft

— strike aircraft

— stripped aircraft

— strongly controlled aircraft

— study aircraft

— subsonic aircraft

— supersonic aircraft

— supersonic cruising aircraft

— supply aircraft

— supply dropper aircraft

— support type aircraft

— surface effect aircraft

— swept-back aircraft

— swept-wing aircraft

— swing-tail aircraft

— swing-wing aircraft

— swiveling-nozzle aircraft

— symmetrical aircraft

— symmetrically loaded aircraft

— systems test aircraft

— tailed aircraft

— tail-engined aircraft

— tail-first aircraft

— tailless aircraft

— tail-sitting aircraft

— tail-wheeled aircraft

— tandem aircraft

— tandem-wing aircraft

— tanker aircraft

— target aircraft

— target drone aircraft

— target-towing aircraft

— telecontrolled aircraft

— television-controlled aircraft

— terminating aircraft

— terrain-following aircraft

— test aircraft

— test-bed aircraft

— test-support aircraft

— the aircraft off

— theoretical aircraft

— thick-winged aircraft

— third-generation aircraft

— third-level aircraft

— threat aircraft

— three-point refueling aircraft

— thrust-vectored aircraft

— tied-down aircraft

— tight-turning aircraft

— tilt-fold-proprotor aircraft

— tilting-wing aircraft

— tilting-duct propeller aircraft

— tilt-propeller aircraft

— tilt-wing propeller aircraft

— torpedo-carrier aircraft

— towing aircraft

— tow-target aircraft

— tractor-type aircraft

— trailing aircraft

— trainer aircraft

— training aircraft

— transatlantic aircraft

— transcontinental aircraft

— transitional aircraft

— transoceanic aircraft

— transonic aircraft

— transonically-accelerating aircraft

— transponder-equipped aircraft

— transport aircraft

— trials aircraft

— tricyclic-geared aircraft

— triphibian aircraft

— triphibious aircraft

— triple-finned aircraft

— triplex-systemed aircraft

— tri-service aircraft

— tri-tail aircraft

— troop-carrier aircraft

— trunk-route aircraft

— T-tailed aircraft

— tug aircraft

— turbine-engined aircraft

— turbine-powered aircraft

— turboprop aircraft

— turboramjet aircraft

— turbulent aircraft

— twin-boom aircraft

— twin-duct aircraft

— twin-jet aircraft

— twin-turbofan aircraft

— twin-turboprop aircraft

— two-altimeter aircraft

— two-control aircraft

— two-design-point aircraft

— ultimate production aircraft

— ultra-high-performance aircraft

— unarmed aircraft

— unaugmented aircraft

— unbailable aircraft

— uncontrollable aircraft

— uncontrolled aircraft

— underrun the aircraft

— unflapped aircraft

— unflown aircraft

— unidentified aircraft

— unknown aircraft

— unmanned aircraft

— unmodified aircraft

— unprotected aircraft

— unstable aircraft

— unswept aircraft

— upright aircraft

— utility aircraft

— V/STOL aircraft

— variable-control aircraft

— variable-geometry aircraft

— variable-incidence aircraft

— variable-mass aircraft

— variable-stability aircraft

— variable-sweep wing aircraft

— vector the aircraft

— vectored aircraft

— vectored lift aircraft

— vectored thrust aircraft

— vectoring aircraft

— versatile aircraft

— vertical attitude aircraft

— vertical takeoff aircraft

— vertical-flight aircraft

— vertical-lift aircraft

— vertically-rising aircraft

— VG aircraft

— voice aircraft

— vortex generating aircraft

— VTOL aircraft

— weather-modified aircraft

— wheeled aircraft

— wide-body aircraft

— wingborne aircraft

— winged aircraft

— wingless aircraft

— wingman's aircraft

— winterized aircraft

— wool-tufted aircraft

— wrecked aircraft

— yaw the aircraft

— yawed aircraft

— zero-length-launch aircraft

1) (of fish, reptile) Schuppe, die

2) no pl. (deposit) (in kettles, boilers, etc.) Kesselstein, der; (on teeth) Zahnstein, der

1) in sing. or pl. (weighing instrument)

2) (dish of balance) Waagschale, die

1) (series of degrees) Skala, die

2) (Mus.) Tonleiter, die

3) (dimensions) Ausmaß, das

4) (ratio of reduction) Maßstab, der; attrib. maßstab[s]gerecht [Modell, Zeichnung]

5) (indication) (on map, plan) Maßstab, der; (on thermometer, ruler, exposure meter) [Anzeige]skala, die; (instrument) Messstab, der

1) (climb, clamber up) ersteigen [Festung, Mauer, Leiter, Gipfel]; erklettern [Felswand, Leiter, Gipfel]

2) [ab]stufen, staffeln [Fahrpreise]; maßstab[s]gerecht anfertigen [Zeichnung]

- academic.ru/91220/scale_down">scale down

- scale up

* * *

1) (a set of regularly spaced marks made on something (eg a thermometer or a ruler) for use as a measure; a system of numbers, measurement etc: This thermometer has two scales marked on it, one in Fahrenheit and one in Centigrade.) die Skala

2) (a series or system of items of increasing or decreasing size, value etc: a wage/salary scale.) der Tarif

3) (in music, a group of notes going up or down in order: The boy practised his scales on the piano.) die Tonleiter

4) (the size of measurements on a map etc compared with the real size of the country etc shown by it: In a map drawn to the scale 1:50,000, one centimetre represents half a kilometre.) der Maßstab

5) (the size of an activity: These guns are being manufactured on a large scale.) der Umfang

- scaly

* * *

I. n

1. (on skin) Schuppe f

2. no pl (mineral coating) Ablagerung f

3. ( spec: dental plaque) Zahnstein m kein pl

▶ the \scales fall from sb's eyes ( liter) es fällt jdm wie Schuppen von den Augen

II. vt

1. (remove scales)

to \scale a fish einen Fisch abschuppen

2. (remove tartar)

to \scale teeth Zahnstein entfernen

III. vi skin sich akk schuppen; paint abblättern

1. usu pl (weighing device) Waage f

bathroom/kitchen/letter \scale Personen-/Küchen-/Briefwaage f

a pair of \scales ( form) eine [Balken]waage

to tip [or turn] the \scales [at sth] [etw] auf die Waage bringen

he tipped the \scale at 210 pounds er wog 210 Pfund

to tip the \scales ( fig) den [entscheidenden] Ausschlag geben

2. ASTROL

▪ the \scales pl Waage f kein pl

▶ to throw sth into the \scale etw in die Waagschale werfen

I. n

1. (system of gradation) Skala f; (of map) Maßstab m

how would you rate his work on a \scale of 1 to 5? wie würden Sie seine Arbeit auf einer Skala von 1 bis 5 beurteilen?

what \scale is this map? welchen Maßstab hat diese Karte?

\scale of charges Taxe f

\scale of fees Gebührenstaffel f

\scale division Skalenteilung f

\scale of values Wert[e]skala f

a sliding \scale ECON eine Gleitskala

remuneration is on a sliding \scale die Bezahlung ist gestaffelt

2. no pl

▪ to be in [or to] \scale building, drawing maßstab[s]getreu [o maßstab[s]gerecht] sein

to build/draw sth to \scale etw maßstab[s]getreu [o maßstab[s]gerecht] bauen/zeichnen

3. (relative degree) Umfang m; (extent) profits, losses Höhe f

on a national \scale auf nationaler Ebene

on a large/small \scale im großen/kleinen Rahmen

4. no pl (size) Ausmaß nt

advantages of \scale ECON bedeutende Vorteile

5. MUS Tonleiter f

to play/practise \scales Tonleitern spielen/üben

II. vt

▪ to \scale sth

1. (climb) etw erklimmen geh

to \scale a fence auf einen Zaun klettern

to \scale a mountain einen Berg besteigen; ( fig)

she has already \scaled the heights of her profession sie hat bereits den Höhepunkt ihrer Karriere erreicht

2. TECH, ARCHIT etw maßstab[s]getreu zeichnen; (make) etw maßstab[s]getreu anfertigen

3. SCI (order in system of graduation) concepts, findings etw skalieren

* * *

1. n

2. vt

1) fish (ab)schuppen

2)

3. vi

1. n

2. vi

1) Skala f; (on thermometer etc) Skala f, Gradeinteilung f; (on ruler) (Maß)einteilung f; (fig) Leiter f; (= social scale) Stufenleiter f; (= list, table) Tabelle f

2) (= instrument) Messgerät nt

3) (MUS) Tonleiter f

4) (of map etc) Maßstab m

5) (fig: size, extent) Umfang m, Ausmaß nt

* * *

scale¹ [skeıl]

A s

1. ZOOL Schuppe f, koll Schuppen pl

2. MED Schuppe f:

come off in scales → C 1;

the scales fell from my eyes fig es fiel mir wie Schuppen von den Augen;

remove the scales from sb’s eyes fig jemandem die Augen öffnen

3. BOT

a) Schuppenblatt n

b) (Erbsen- etc) Hülse f, Schale f

4. (Messer) Schale f

5. ZOOL Schildlaus f

6. Ablagerung f, besonders

a) Kesselstein m

b) MED Zahnstein m:

form scale → C 2

7. auch pl METALL Zunder m: → iron scale

B v/t

1. auch scale off

a) einen Fisch (ab)schuppen,

b) eine Schicht etc ablösen, (ab)schälen, (ab)häuten:

scale almonds Mandeln schälen

2. a) abklopfen, den Kesselstein entfernen aus

b) Zähne vom Zahnstein befreien

3. eine Kruste oder Kesselstein ansetzen in (dat) oder an (dat)

4. METALL ausglühen

C v/i

1. auch scale off sich (ab)schuppen oder lösen, abschilfern, abblättern

2. Kessel- oder Zahnstein ansetzen

scale² [skeıl]

A s

1. Waagschale f (auch fig):

the scales pl of Justice die Waage der Justitia oder Gerechtigkeit;

hold the scales even gerecht urteilen;

turn ( oder tip) the scales fig den Ausschlag geben (in favo[u]r of für; against gegen);

turn ( oder tip) the scales at 100 lbs 100 Pfund wiegen oder auf die Waage bringen;

weight the scales in sb’s favo(u)r jemandem einen (unerlaubten) Vorteil verschaffen

2. meist pl Waage f:

a pair of scales eine Waage;

go to scale SPORT gewogen werden (Boxer, Jockey);

go to scale at 120 lbs 120 Pfund wiegen oder auf die Waage bringen

3. Scales pl ASTROL Waage f (Tierkreiszeichen)

B v/t

1. wiegen

2. umg (ab-, aus)wiegen

C v/i SPORT gewogen werden:

scale in (out) vor (nach) dem Rennen gewogen werden (Jockey)

scale³ [skeıl]

A s

1. a) Stufenleiter f, Staff(e)lung f

b) Skala f, Tarif m:

scale of fees Gebührenordnung f;

scale of salaries Gehaltsstaffelung;

scale of wages Lohnskala, -tabelle f

2. Stufe f (auf einer Skala, Stufenleiter etc, auch fig):

sink in the scale im Niveau sinken

3. PHYS, TECH Skala f:

scale division Gradeinteilung f;

scale line Teilstrich m einer Skala

4. GEOG, MATH, TECH

a) Maßstab(sangabe) m(f)

b) logarithmischer Rechenstab:

in ( oder to) scale maßstab(s)getreu oder -gerecht;

out of scale nicht maßstab(s)getreu oder -gerecht;

at a scale of 1 inch to 1 mile im Maßstab 1 Inch:1 Meile;

drawn to a scale of 1:5 im Maßstab 1:5 gezeichnet;

scale model maßstab(s)getreues Modell; → reduce A 14

5. fig Maßstab m, Größenordnung f, Umfang m:

on a large scale in großem Umfang, großen Stils;

on a modest scale bescheiden, in bescheidenem Rahmen

6. MATH (numerische) Zahlenreihe

7. MUS

a) Tonleiter f, Skala f

b) Tonumfang m (eines Instruments)

c) (Orgelpfeifen)Mensur f:

run over ( oder learn) one’s scales Tonleitern üben

8. SCHULE, PSYCH Test(stufen)reihe f

9. on a scale (Börse) zu verschiedenen Kurswerten:

buy on a scale seine Käufe über eine Baisseperiode verteilen;

sell on a scale seine Verkäufe über eine Hausseperiode verteilen

10. fig Leiter f, Treppe f ( beide:

to zu)

B v/t

1. erklettern, ersteigen, erklimmen (auch fig)

2. GEOG, MATH, TECH

a) maßstab(s)getreu zeichnen:

scale off a length MATH eine Strecke abtragen

b) maßstäblich ändern:

scale down (up) maßstab(s)gerecht oder maßstäblich verkleinern (vergrößern)

3. TECH mit einer Teilung versehen

4. einstufen:

scale down Löhne, Forderungen etc herunterschrauben;

scale up Preise etc hochschrauben

C v/i (auf einer Skala) klettern (auch fig), steigen:

scale down fallen;

scale up steigen, in die Höhe klettern

sc. abk

1. scale

2. scene

3. science

4. scientific

5. scilicet, namely näml.

* * *

1) (of fish, reptile) Schuppe, die

2) no pl. (deposit) (in kettles, boilers, etc.) Kesselstein, der; (on teeth) Zahnstein, der

1) in sing. or pl. (weighing instrument)

2) (dish of balance) Waagschale, die

1) (series of degrees) Skala, die

2) (Mus.) Tonleiter, die

3) (dimensions) Ausmaß, das

4) (ratio of reduction) Maßstab, der; attrib. maßstab[s]gerecht [Modell, Zeichnung]

5) (indication) (on map, plan) Maßstab, der; (on thermometer, ruler, exposure meter) [Anzeige]skala, die; (instrument) Messstab, der

1) (climb, clamber up) ersteigen [Festung, Mauer, Leiter, Gipfel]; erklettern [Felswand, Leiter, Gipfel]

2) [ab]stufen, staffeln [Fahrpreise]; maßstab[s]gerecht anfertigen [Zeichnung]

- scale down

- scale up

* * *

Tonleiter m. n.

Kesselstein m.

Maßstab -¨e m.

Skala Skalen f.

Skalierung f. v.

erklettern v.

ersteigen v.

- overhead way machine